Securities | Volume (Shares) | Turnover (Baht) | %Short Sale Volume Comparing with Auto Matching |
MEGA-R | 1,252,200 | 61,135,450 | 27.30% |
AH | 116,200 | 2,752,970 | 25.19% |
AP | 2,220,600 | 25,622,080 | 22.17% |
EGATIF | 420,500 | 4,247,050 | 21.77% |
CK-R | 1,248,700 | 25,284,270 | 21.73% |
SCC-R | 318,200 | 115,182,600 | 20.99% |
KCE-R | 1,849,600 | 116,818,575 | 19.78% |
NER | 1,894,500 | 12,886,005 | 19.58% |
TASCO | 181,800 | 2,963,340 | 19.45% |
BA-R | 918,300 | 10,581,880 | 19.25% |
EGCO-R | 130,700 | 22,228,900 | 19.21% |
BA | 845,900 | 9,753,050 | 17.73% |
PTT | 3,476,400 | 130,865,975 | 17.62% |
RCL-R | 598,700 | 26,704,400 | 17.51% |
VIBHA | 3,991,000 | 10,718,772 | 17.36% |
AS-R | 502,900 | 11,813,270 | 16.70% |
WHA-R | 3,927,000 | 13,181,752 | 15.77% |
KTC-R | 464,500 | 27,619,650 | 15.63% |
SPCG-R | 59,000 | 1,007,900 | 15.59% |
CPN-R | 1,177,600 | 72,950,625 | 15.44% |
IRPC | 4,834,800 | 17,038,540 | 15.20% |
AP-R | 1,520,500 | 17,540,400 | 15.18% |
SCGP-R | 547,200 | 31,248,525 | 15.13% |
BANPU | 23,945,700 | 279,375,660 | 14.93% |
BDMS | 6,896,400 | 183,724,650 | 14.59% |
NOBLE-R | 138,400 | 698,890 | 14.54% |
CENTEL-R | 392,500 | 16,487,200 | 14.16% |
CPN | 1,072,200 | 66,469,975 | 14.06% |
KTB | 5,264,000 | 69,107,940 | 13.86% |
DCC | 732,800 | 2,183,744 | 13.82% |
PTTEP-R | 1,159,500 | 171,618,700 | 12.68% |
OSP-R | 1,448,300 | 50,532,125 | 12.62% |
GLOBAL-R | 1,138,600 | 26,286,000 | 12.52% |
BLAND-R | 496,300 | 501,263 | 12.34% |
NETBAY-R | 208,600 | 7,120,725 | 12.12% |
PRM-R | 492,400 | 3,003,135 | 12.12% |
CK | 694,200 | 14,080,950 | 12.08% |
EA-R | 2,799,300 | 253,351,850 | 11.99% |
STEC-R | 251,200 | 3,340,340 | 11.91% |
AAV | 3,258,500 | 9,674,494 | 11.63% |
STGT | 548,300 | 13,707,500 | 11.42% |
ESSO | 1,740,400 | 14,747,235 | 11.34% |
CPALL | 3,275,800 | 217,311,950 | 11.24% |
M-R | 39,800 | 2,198,950 | 10.83% |
ASP | 1,147,800 | 3,884,682 | 10.75% |
LPN-R | 220,100 | 1,047,740 | 10.58% |
BDMS-R | 4,858,700 | 128,760,775 | 10.28% |
ORI | 197,000 | 2,206,400 | 9.99% |
PSH | 26,400 | 351,120 | 9.82% |
SPRC-R | 2,266,000 | 22,767,910 | 9.74% |
WHA | 2,379,700 | 7,968,544 | 9.56% |
HMPRO-R | 2,229,000 | 35,324,170 | 9.53% |
SUPER | 15,472,100 | 13,490,727 | 9.44% |
GULF | 760,000 | 37,941,725 | 9.26% |
PRM | 360,200 | 2,197,220 | 8.87% |
EPG-R | 1,150,900 | 11,010,370 | 8.78% |
SCC | 133,000 | 48,150,000 | 8.77% |
SPALI-R | 629,800 | 14,164,760 | 8.74% |
SENA-R | 201,700 | 899,930 | 8.57% |
BCH-R | 2,362,000 | 53,100,780 | 8.52% |
BEM | 2,695,100 | 22,504,085 | 8.52% |
GPSC | 338,300 | 23,579,450 | 8.50% |
SCCC-R | 12,200 | 1,856,600 | 8.44% |
TIDLOR-R | 632,500 | 23,831,675 | 8.42% |
BLA | 407,200 | 17,930,825 | 8.41% |
CPALL-R | 2,449,200 | 162,061,100 | 8.40% |
MTC-R | 908,500 | 46,459,875 | 8.37% |
BTS-R | 2,046,000 | 18,645,885 | 8.21% |
CRC-R | 728,600 | 29,740,875 | 8.15% |
PTT-R | 1,571,300 | 59,027,300 | 7.96% |
LH | 2,924,600 | 27,491,240 | 7.89% |
STARK-R | 488,600 | 2,239,182 | 7.85% |
DOHOME-R | 195,500 | 4,328,660 | 7.77% |
UTP-R | 13,700 | 221,580 | 7.77% |
HANA-R | 498,600 | 23,205,050 | 7.74% |
STA-R | 411,400 | 10,593,475 | 7.72% |
TCAP | 261,100 | 10,673,450 | 7.72% |
NOBLE | 73,000 | 368,650 | 7.67% |
TPIPL-R | 2,213,600 | 3,439,990 | 7.58% |
JAS-R | 6,528,000 | 24,003,762 | 7.45% |
SIRI | 5,039,300 | 5,904,133 | 7.23% |
PTTEP | 649,600 | 96,250,500 | 7.10% |
AIE-R | 122,700 | 478,810 | 7.06% |
VGI | 1,186,200 | 5,912,958 | 7.01% |
JMT-R | 695,000 | 56,816,950 | 6.97% |
KTB-R | 2,556,000 | 33,482,340 | 6.73% |
AH-R | 30,800 | 728,990 | 6.68% |
STA | 355,300 | 9,148,975 | 6.67% |
CBG | 517,100 | 54,571,750 | 6.61% |
HMPRO | 1,520,600 | 24,153,340 | 6.50% |
TMT | 27,400 | 282,220 | 6.48% |
TQM-R | 606,700 | 27,330,950 | 6.41% |
PTG-R | 253,500 | 3,370,980 | 6.37% |
ADVANC-R | 472,200 | 103,523,000 | 6.35% |
BAM-R | 1,142,400 | 23,341,990 | 6.32% |
DTAC-R | 190,800 | 9,110,700 | 6.28% |
TSE | 48,400 | 111,320 | 6.19% |
INTUCH-R | 454,700 | 32,478,225 | 6.11% |
BGRIM | 718,300 | 23,843,250 | 6.07% |
BPP | 31,100 | 506,930 | 6.06% |
SAWAD-R | 287,600 | 15,905,225 | 5.87% |
BAM | 1,049,300 | 21,458,470 | 5.81% |
ADVANC | 429,300 | 94,004,000 | 5.77% |
CKP | 328,000 | 1,640,000 | 5.74% |
STEC | 120,500 | 1,602,650 | 5.71% |
BJC | 394,800 | 13,719,800 | 5.61% |
PTTGC | 462,300 | 22,997,875 | 5.52% |
DTAC | 167,400 | 7,993,350 | 5.51% |
CRC | 487,800 | 19,820,125 | 5.45% |
TIPH-R | 185,200 | 9,605,400 | 5.40% |
BROOK | 2,045,200 | 2,025,660 | 5.34% |
SPALI | 382,800 | 8,592,310 | 5.31% |
ICC | 700 | 20,825 | 5.30% |
BAFS | 44,200 | 1,303,900 | 5.28% |
ASW-R | 73,800 | 599,620 | 5.25% |
GULF-R | 426,300 | 21,248,150 | 5.19% |
BKI | 5,800 | 1,579,300 | 5.18% |
WHAUP | 160,100 | 666,710 | 5.16% |
GUNKUL | 2,636,300 | 15,618,120 | 5.04% |
LALIN-R | 16,400 | 156,365 | 5.03% |
TU | 1,280,000 | 21,504,000 | 5.01% |
SSP | 87,600 | 966,520 | 4.92% |
ROJNA | 45,000 | 281,250 | 4.91% |
TPIPP | 71,900 | 276,096 | 4.85% |
KKP-R | 1,435,000 | 106,545,900 | 4.83% |
BLAND | 193,700 | 195,637 | 4.82% |
SIRI-R | 3,339,000 | 3,930,020 | 4.79% |
GPSC-R | 190,100 | 13,230,475 | 4.77% |
OSP | 546,900 | 19,066,950 | 4.76% |
HUMAN | 112,400 | 1,352,220 | 4.73% |
BAY | 40,400 | 1,414,000 | 4.62% |
SGP-R | 28,000 | 338,800 | 4.61% |
DELTA-R | 199,800 | 73,507,800 | 4.53% |
SABUY-R | 334,900 | 9,278,575 | 4.52% |
IRPC-R | 1,434,300 | 5,048,736 | 4.51% |
IVL-R | 798,300 | 37,667,900 | 4.37% |
QH-R | 952,400 | 2,171,472 | 4.36% |
TFG-R | 1,189,600 | 5,110,534 | 4.32% |
RJH | 27,800 | 925,400 | 4.31% |
TTB-R | 7,906,800 | 10,201,821 | 4.31% |
ITD | 695,400 | 1,409,654 | 4.29% |
BBL | 417,000 | 56,513,550 | 4.27% |
KBANK | 1,231,700 | 192,947,950 | 4.24% |
COM7-R | 124,100 | 5,302,525 | 4.21% |
UNIQ | 5,800 | 30,015 | 4.16% |
TOA-R | 53,700 | 1,549,275 | 4.10% |
RATCH-R | 59,500 | 2,657,575 | 4.07% |
AWC | 1,468,700 | 7,324,974 | 4.06% |
STPI-R | 193,400 | 964,288 | 4.06% |
PSL | 904,600 | 16,366,150 | 4.04% |
DOHOME | 101,400 | 2,249,470 | 4.03% |
MINT-R | 626,300 | 21,687,125 | 4.01% |
AIT-R | 271,700 | 1,913,635 | 3.98% |
STARK | 245,100 | 1,124,572 | 3.94% |
EPG | 505,500 | 4,850,475 | 3.86% |
STANLY-R | 900 | 159,850 | 3.86% |
THCOM | 296,500 | 2,746,015 | 3.85% |
JR | 42,000 | 312,900 | 3.82% |
BJC-R | 267,200 | 9,279,050 | 3.80% |
ORI-R | 74,300 | 832,160 | 3.77% |
DRT | 12,900 | 98,685 | 3.76% |
SKY | 21,900 | 230,220 | 3.72% |
INTUCH | 275,700 | 19,663,850 | 3.70% |
BCP | 603,600 | 19,449,275 | 3.69% |
BANPU-R | 5,900,700 | 68,887,630 | 3.68% |
VGI-R | 619,300 | 3,083,980 | 3.66% |
SIS | 20,400 | 831,300 | 3.65% |
BTS | 895,500 | 8,161,585 | 3.59% |
MEGA | 163,800 | 7,995,250 | 3.57% |
BH-R | 162,400 | 26,883,750 | 3.56% |
THANI-R | 575,200 | 2,521,476 | 3.56% |
CPF | 434,700 | 10,365,860 | 3.53% |
ONEE-R | 259,000 | 3,202,110 | 3.52% |
SPRC | 804,900 | 8,129,490 | 3.46% |
BCP-R | 554,300 | 17,813,450 | 3.39% |
BOL-R | 8,600 | 112,440 | 3.38% |
KBANK-R | 974,800 | 152,587,200 | 3.36% |
MINT | 523,800 | 18,196,400 | 3.36% |
RS | 180,100 | 3,063,580 | 3.36% |
IVL | 608,700 | 28,526,100 | 3.33% |
SCGP | 118,700 | 6,764,850 | 3.28% |
EA | 761,900 | 68,534,150 | 3.26% |
KBSPIF | 4,400 | 49,720 | 3.26% |
GFPT-R | 589,300 | 7,992,930 | 3.24% |
AOT | 731,400 | 49,672,950 | 3.22% |
DDD | 5,900 | 95,560 | 3.21% |
MBK-R | 280,900 | 3,692,910 | 3.21% |
SAWAD | 157,000 | 8,686,575 | 3.21% |
PLANB | 266,200 | 2,049,100 | 3.19% |
MAJOR | 153,200 | 3,035,980 | 3.17% |
CBG-R | 241,100 | 25,176,450 | 3.08% |
AJ | 14,400 | 246,230 | 3.04% |
MTC | 328,800 | 16,818,525 | 3.03% |
AMATA-R | 226,900 | 5,083,980 | 2.96% |
ERW | 154,900 | 557,718 | 2.91% |
LANNA-R | 104,200 | 2,067,590 | 2.86% |
SABUY | 211,900 | 5,870,450 | 2.86% |
TOP | 657,200 | 35,571,850 | 2.86% |
PSTC | 76,300 | 155,482 | 2.82% |
BLA-R | 134,100 | 5,922,125 | 2.77% |
JMART | 195,300 | 11,746,775 | 2.77% |
APURE | 11,800 | 70,800 | 2.73% |
EGCO | 18,600 | 3,173,750 | 2.73% |
LPN | 56,600 | 271,446 | 2.72% |
PSL-R | 597,200 | 10,813,340 | 2.67% |
CHG-R | 1,094,300 | 4,454,942 | 2.64% |
TISCO | 148,000 | 14,921,450 | 2.64% |
EASTW | 23,100 | 167,105 | 2.63% |
AMATA | 200,700 | 4,501,420 | 2.62% |
MBK | 228,600 | 2,996,590 | 2.61% |
SINGER | 132,700 | 7,377,975 | 2.60% |
CHG | 1,066,800 | 4,323,870 | 2.57% |
SGP | 15,500 | 187,550 | 2.55% |
TU-R | 647,200 | 10,851,920 | 2.53% |
BGRIM-R | 298,600 | 9,911,700 | 2.52% |
BBL-R | 242,500 | 32,858,750 | 2.48% |
BCH | 673,200 | 15,138,510 | 2.43% |
HANA | 155,500 | 7,235,550 | 2.42% |
TOP-R | 544,300 | 29,455,700 | 2.37% |
TTA-R | 455,000 | 4,315,420 | 2.36% |
LOXLEY | 61,200 | 139,536 | 2.35% |
PM-R | 2,300 | 21,275 | 2.35% |
STGT-R | 112,200 | 2,804,810 | 2.34% |
AOT-R | 526,600 | 35,669,325 | 2.32% |
BH | 102,900 | 17,064,850 | 2.25% |
KTC | 65,900 | 3,925,125 | 2.22% |
CKP-R | 124,000 | 620,000 | 2.17% |
LH-R | 804,000 | 7,557,600 | 2.17% |
BCPG-R | 89,700 | 1,067,430 | 2.16% |
NRF | 60,600 | 415,410 | 2.14% |
SENA | 50,000 | 223,796 | 2.13% |
SUSCO | 40,200 | 129,398 | 2.13% |
SMPC-R | 12,100 | 165,770 | 2.11% |
TRUE | 631,400 | 3,093,860 | 2.11% |
VNG-R | 34,900 | 265,240 | 2.07% |
JMT | 205,300 | 16,815,275 | 2.06% |
WORK | 19,300 | 589,500 | 2.06% |
ICHI-R | 361,300 | 4,187,590 | 1.97% |
III | 78,300 | 1,149,120 | 1.96% |
RCL | 66,900 | 2,984,075 | 1.96% |
MICRO | 37,600 | 277,770 | 1.94% |
JKN | 48,800 | 326,400 | 1.93% |
HUMAN-R | 45,500 | 548,580 | 1.91% |
WICE-R | 170,400 | 2,819,840 | 1.91% |
BEAUTY | 209,900 | 314,850 | 1.90% |
JMART-R | 134,100 | 8,065,450 | 1.90% |
SUPER-R | 3,091,500 | 2,689,605 | 1.89% |
ASK | 16,400 | 740,825 | 1.86% |
SAT | 7,100 | 137,740 | 1.86% |
PR9 | 44,300 | 598,050 | 1.84% |
TRUE-R | 539,600 | 2,645,222 | 1.80% |
S-R | 209,100 | 418,200 | 1.79% |
FORTH-R | 190,200 | 8,432,575 | 1.76% |
S | 203,600 | 407,200 | 1.75% |
NEX | 133,400 | 2,489,560 | 1.73% |
ICHI | 313,600 | 3,682,120 | 1.71% |
SUSCO-R | 31,100 | 100,238 | 1.65% |
CPF-R | 202,300 | 4,814,620 | 1.64% |
SAK-R | 107,600 | 1,023,305 | 1.61% |
RBF-R | 346,000 | 5,592,160 | 1.59% |
CENTEL | 43,900 | 1,852,350 | 1.58% |
OR-R | 130,500 | 3,262,500 | 1.57% |
TTA | 298,300 | 2,831,445 | 1.55% |
GLOBAL | 139,700 | 3,230,730 | 1.54% |
PTG | 60,800 | 808,640 | 1.53% |
COM7 | 44,900 | 1,915,575 | 1.52% |
U | 855,600 | 1,524,949 | 1.50% |
XO | 26,900 | 460,270 | 1.50% |
SCI | 90,000 | 204,550 | 1.49% |
LHFG | 551,100 | 766,769 | 1.45% |
STPI | 68,700 | 343,214 | 1.44% |
CHAYO | 106,700 | 1,365,760 | 1.43% |
SYNEX | 23,500 | 593,375 | 1.42% |
THCOM-R | 109,600 | 1,010,760 | 1.42% |
TCAP-R | 47,800 | 1,956,350 | 1.41% |
TIDLOR | 104,100 | 3,903,750 | 1.39% |
PTTGC-R | 115,400 | 5,741,150 | 1.38% |
APURE-R | 5,800 | 34,800 | 1.34% |
JWD-R | 110,500 | 1,794,600 | 1.34% |
SINGER-R | 67,400 | 3,758,650 | 1.32% |
KKP | 390,600 | 29,015,450 | 1.31% |
GFPT | 236,600 | 3,217,760 | 1.30% |
UVAN | 44,800 | 375,095 | 1.27% |
GJS | 2,289,000 | 1,255,594 | 1.23% |
ASW | 17,100 | 138,510 | 1.22% |
RS-R | 65,500 | 1,108,940 | 1.22% |
VNG | 20,000 | 152,000 | 1.19% |
KISS | 55,400 | 505,100 | 1.17% |
AIE | 19,900 | 77,610 | 1.15% |
GUNKUL-R | 600,600 | 3,543,540 | 1.15% |
TSTH | 356,800 | 532,387 | 1.14% |
ITEL | 167,000 | 1,007,115 | 1.13% |
ASIAN | 115,400 | 1,777,160 | 1.11% |
LHFG-R | 414,000 | 576,800 | 1.09% |
TIPH | 37,200 | 1,934,400 | 1.08% |
SCCC | 1,500 | 228,300 | 1.04% |
BCPG | 43,000 | 516,000 | 1.03% |
TSTH-R | 317,400 | 475,572 | 1.02% |
BEC-R | 50,200 | 788,150 | 1.01% |
CV | 30,000 | 81,000 | 0.99% |
TTCL | 65,800 | 320,552 | 0.99% |
SC-R | 27,200 | 105,536 | 0.98% |
AS | 28,700 | 676,770 | 0.95% |
SAPPE | 40,100 | 1,205,775 | 0.92% |
TASCO-R | 8,600 | 140,180 | 0.92% |
TPIPL | 267,500 | 415,417 | 0.92% |
SNNP | 96,500 | 1,821,710 | 0.91% |
ONEE | 66,100 | 813,030 | 0.90% |
BE8-R | 17,800 | 843,600 | 0.89% |
MCS-R | 149,300 | 1,816,220 | 0.88% |
TKN | 43,400 | 356,640 | 0.85% |
SMPC | 4,800 | 66,240 | 0.84% |
THANI | 136,000 | 597,040 | 0.84% |
TOA | 11,000 | 315,300 | 0.84% |
JWD | 68,200 | 1,095,580 | 0.83% |
BEM-R | 251,600 | 2,093,390 | 0.80% |
WHAUP-R | 24,300 | 101,088 | 0.78% |
KEX | 122,000 | 2,811,510 | 0.77% |
SAK | 51,200 | 482,030 | 0.77% |
FSMART-R | 654,400 | 13,399,500 | 0.76% |
SHR | 112,100 | 453,632 | 0.74% |
ETC-R | 179,600 | 715,584 | 0.72% |
VIH-R | 9,200 | 92,920 | 0.70% |
KCE | 64,100 | 4,042,725 | 0.69% |
UBE | 98,800 | 213,408 | 0.69% |
VIH | 9,000 | 90,900 | 0.68% |
THG | 58,200 | 5,708,275 | 0.66% |
ACC | 57,900 | 92,389 | 0.63% |
AEONTS | 800 | 154,400 | 0.62% |
NEX-R | 47,700 | 893,790 | 0.62% |
ANAN | 23,100 | 29,378 | 0.59% |
JAS | 516,400 | 1,895,052 | 0.59% |
MAJOR-R | 25,300 | 502,060 | 0.52% |
MCS | 86,500 | 1,072,160 | 0.51% |
NER-R | 49,500 | 337,825 | 0.51% |
DELTA | 22,000 | 7,751,600 | 0.50% |
NTV | 700 | 25,725 | 0.50% |
FSMART | 421,800 | 8,496,100 | 0.49% |
NETBAY | 8,500 | 289,000 | 0.49% |
QH | 105,700 | 240,996 | 0.48% |
BEC | 22,700 | 356,940 | 0.46% |
SABINA | 7,800 | 164,680 | 0.44% |
TQM | 41,300 | 1,857,800 | 0.44% |
7UP | 326,200 | 397,474 | 0.43% |
KGI | 13,300 | 77,805 | 0.43% |
SCN | 68,500 | 189,728 | 0.43% |
RBF | 91,000 | 1,494,070 | 0.42% |
RPC | 75,100 | 117,156 | 0.42% |
BEAUTY-R | 45,600 | 68,400 | 0.41% |
PLANB-R | 33,800 | 261,900 | 0.40% |
SRICHA | 200 | 2,640 | 0.38% |
WICE | 33,000 | 534,060 | 0.37% |
FORTH | 39,200 | 1,730,475 | 0.36% |
NSL-R | 2,400 | 41,390 | 0.36% |
SPA | 33,500 | 255,630 | 0.36% |
TTB | 645,500 | 839,150 | 0.35% |
DITTO | 20,000 | 1,751,075 | 0.33% |
M | 1,200 | 66,300 | 0.33% |
SMT | 55,000 | 267,441 | 0.33% |
TISCO-R | 18,300 | 1,848,300 | 0.33% |
AAV-R | 88,900 | 264,922 | 0.32% |
NCAP | 41,700 | 474,510 | 0.31% |
SCN-R | 48,900 | 134,104 | 0.31% |
BAFS-R | 2,500 | 73,750 | 0.30% |
SISB | 46,300 | 582,800 | 0.27% |
TMT-R | 1,000 | 10,300 | 0.24% |
AGE-R | 23,600 | 91,568 | 0.23% |
HENG | 11,900 | 48,314 | 0.22% |
TKS | 2,800 | 36,190 | 0.22% |
KSL | 6,400 | 23,840 | 0.18% |
SOLAR | 54,500 | 70,305 | 0.17% |
AIT | 10,300 | 72,615 | 0.15% |
KEX-R | 24,100 | 563,640 | 0.15% |
MONO | 19,700 | 44,128 | 0.15% |
SCM-R | 7,200 | 50,040 | 0.14% |
XPG | 578,200 | 1,152,041 | 0.13% |
U-R | 59,400 | 105,572 | 0.10% |
AMANAH | 11,600 | 69,020 | 0.09% |
HTC-R | 300 | 9,750 | 0.09% |
SIS-R | 500 | 20,375 | 0.09% |
BAY-R | 700 | 24,500 | 0.08% |
KGI-R | 2,600 | 15,210 | 0.08% |
AWC-R | 24,700 | 123,006 | 0.07% |
LANNA | 2,400 | 47,760 | 0.07% |
SCM | 3,300 | 22,935 | 0.07% |
CV-R | 1,700 | 4,590 | 0.06% |
ASIAN-R | 5,200 | 79,700 | 0.05% |
HENG-R | 1,200 | 4,872 | 0.02% |
SAPPE-R | 500 | 14,700 | 0.01% |
TFG | 2,200 | 9,372 | 0.01% |
THG-R | 1,000 | 98,775 | 0.01% |
*Remark
– Excluding a short sale by a member that is a participating dealer or market maker of the ETF investment units for the company’s account, for the purpose of realizing a profit from a price spread (arbitrage), or for the purpose of stabilizing liquidity, as the case may be.
– The record of security symbol ended with “-R” is short sales trading of NVDR.